Mapmaker: The Gerrymandering game that puts the fun in undermining democracy - Ars Technica

• Behold, the gerrymandering board game you didn't realize you wanted: Mapmaker

  Nathan Mattise

• The Lafair siblings behind Lafair Family Games (L to R): Josh, Louis, and Rebecca. They're quite a bit older now (Josh, the youngest, is about to start his freshman year of college). They live in the TX-10, a congressional district that... somehow stretches 2.5 hours east to Houston?

  Lafair Games

Welcome to Ars Gaming Week 2019! As a staff full of gamers and game-lovers, we'll be serving up extra reviews, guides, interviews, and other stories all about gaming from August 19 to August 23. Today, we've got this review from Ars Cardboard, our regular look at tabletop games. Check out our complete board gaming coverage at cardboard.arstechnica.com.

AUSTIN, Texas—Josh Lafair hasn't even voted yet, but he probably knows more about gerrymandering than most. To start, given that his family's from Austin, Texas, politics has never been a taboo subject around the Lafair dinner table. And in 2017, after the Lafairs watched another uncompetitive congressional election play out in their oddly shaped district (TX-10), Josh and his siblings had an idea: Is there a good gerrymandering board game out there? Could we make our own?

"Political games turn a lot of people off—political games tend to be really gimmicky,” says Lafair, the youngest (18) of the three siblings behind Lafair Family Games. “So while we did want this to be a game about gerrymandering, we also wanted to make a well-designed game. We wanted board gamers to think, ‘Oh, this is a good game. I’ll actually play this.’”

Mapmaker isn't the first title from Lafair Family Games, as older brother Louis invented the popular Pathwayz as a kid (more recently while at Stanford, he even developed an AI that can literally beat him at his own game). But Josh was so young he simply served as "chief guinea pig" on that one, and he considers Mapmaker the first game he truly had a hand in designing. Recently, before Lafair debuted Mapmaker to the masses at Gen Con 2019, he walked Ars through the game's creation while simultaneously taking us to task in a one-on-one battle.

If looking at Mapmaker's board and district-laying mechanic in the gallery below has your mind drifting towards classics like Catan or Ticket to Ride, you're not alone—that's where the Lafairs' went, too. Lafair tells Ars that while his siblings briefly discussed the possibility of making a card game, they settled on the concept of Mapmaker as a positioning and mapping game early on. "Ever since we were young, we’d buy board games, play them, and think they’re great games, but then we’d take the components of that game and create our own," Lafair adds. "So one of our first prototypes of Mapmaker involved Ticket to Ride, Catan, Othello, and Cosmic Encounter."

Enlarge / An early look at some Mapmaker Frakengame prototypes made with familiar components.

Lafair Family Games

Ultimately, though, a Frankenboard couldn't quite capture precisely what Mapmaker would evolve into. After tinkering with the concept themselves for half a year, the Lafairs took another six months and enlisted the help of 100-plus local playtesters spanning ages and gamer experience (including hosting some early rounds at Austin's beloved cardboard destination Emerald Tavern).

While Mapmaker stuck with hexagons—squares proved too easy, octagons too hard—the final board became much larger than Catan's because Mapmaker ultimately needed to accommodate entirely different play setups depending on player count. This game supports solo play on top of fairly distinct 2-, 3-, and 4-player experiences. Lafair says the other biggest tweak to come out of playtesting involved how many district lines to allow a player to place each turn—three made turns too short, five took too long, so four became the standard no matter the amount of competitors.

After the Lafairs settled on their end design, they launched Mapmaker on Kickstarter in July 2018—interested players funded the project in just six hours. Working with local Go Games for manufacturing and fulfillment, Lafair Family Games shipped finished games to backers (disclosure: including this writer) in April 2019. The game can now be found on Amazon and through calendars.com.

• Each Mapmaker comes with a board map, the pledge, an instruction manual, vote count tokens, political party minifigs, district lines, and nice velvet-y bags to contain all the pieces.

  Nathan Mattise

• Mapmaker comes with a declaration that "Gerrymandering is not a game." This echoes a sentiment in the last five pages of the instruction manual, where Lafair Family Games provides an overview of gerrymandering for anyone wanting more information.

  Nathan Mattise

• Wait a second... Lord British endorsed this thing and bought one via Kickstarter?

  Nathan Mattise

• The game itself, however, is not as complex as gerrymandering and can be played without a deep (or really any) understanding of the concept.

• Mapmaker in practice: the goal is to lay district lines to make up "counties" of at least four voter tokens in ways they can't be split up into multiple four-token counties. You want the most votes for your party within a county. (In one-or-two-player format, you use the inner most locales, and the game expands with each player added.)

  Nathan Mattise

• These bad boys are your main weapon—district lines (deployed similarly to roads in Catan or routes in Ticket to Ride).

  Nathan Mattise

• The team minifigs correspond to real political parties (the non-obvious ones: Libertarians use a porcupine, the leaf is the Green Party)

  Nathan Mattise

• Here, you can get a better look at some odd district shapes being sealed up strategically. (The Dems won this game eventually.)

  Nathan Mattise

• It may not look geographically sensical, but that is the point of gerrymandering after all.

  Nathan Mattise

Gameplay so easy, a politician could do it

Despite the complex and heady inspirations behind both gameplay and theme, Mapmaker is simple in its premise and setup—the player with the most districts wins. You need to draw the lines to make said districts.

Your political party does this by using district lines to build complete districts of at least four counties (represented by each hexagonal map space) in ways that allow you to have the most votes and thus win the county. The only restriction is that counties cannot be complete if they can be split into smaller ones. To start the game, votes are randomly distributed on the board through party chips each containing a vote total, and a few chips (the purple 1s and 0) represent swing counties that can nudge one party to the win in the event of a tie.

The tiebreakers for Mapmaker are delightfully on brand, by the way. If a district has an even split of votes, of course the party that finished drawing the lines gets it. And if there's an overall tie at the end and swing votes are evenly distributed, the second tiebreaker is whoever wins the most counties with the least total votes. "If you’re able to win with less votes, you’re better at gerrymandering," Lafair says. Game time is advertised at 30-45 minutes, and that proved accurate during our testing.

Games begin with the first player laying one district line, followed by an opponent laying two, and so on until every player lays four lines per turn for the rest of the game. In one-on-one play, this mechanism turns the game into a sort of chess lite, where you're attempting to build a few turns in advance without your opponent noticing (and you can suddenly find yourself drawing dead even if two or three districts remain live on the board). Some turns you may also be trying to foil whatever plans you suddenly notice your opponent considering—Lafair says aiming for swing counties is his best tip (it can dramatically simplify your endgame, allowing you to play for ties), but learning to box your opponents high voter clusters in together is a crucial tactic, too.

Josh and Louis play a one-on-one game of Mapmaker so people can see it in action. They also put a PDF of the ruleset online.

In three- or four-player games, that latter tactic becomes widespread. The board expands to include all hexagons (two player games only use the center ones, for instance), and you suddenly find yourself waiting for 12 district lines to be placed before you get another crack at the board. Just like in real world politics, scheming between organizations becomes rampant and at times impossible to avoid.

Compared to similar-looking games like Catan, Mapmaker excels in the fact that its setup takes mere moments to explain. This is not a game that will intimidate more social board gamers, yet as the game moves along, the amount of thought and strategy gets meaty enough for more serious board gamers. (There's a reason Munchkin creator Steve Jackson blurbed the game for its Kickstarter and Lord British became a backer.) If Lafair Family Games wanted to reach the widest possible audience in the hopes of getting the maximum amount of players at least briefly thinking about gerrymandering, they nailed an ideal ratio of simple premise and strategic gameplay.

"For my birthday, the tradition was my siblings would line up all the board games we owned in our living room, and I’d come down at like 8am, and they’d all be there so I could choose whatever board game I want to play first. Our tradition is on birthdays, all we do is play board games," Lafair says. "I distinctly remember the first game we ever received was Settlers, and I'd say that the combination of strategy and luck has become our sort of go-to game type. So while gerrymandering itself is extremely complicated, when people play this game we wanted it to be fun, hands-on, and approachable. We don’t want people scared to play, we want them excited to play."

Listing image by Nathan Mattise

Enlarge / You can play without learning, but if you want more info on redistricting, the practice of gerrymandering, and its origins... flip to the back of the rule manual.

Nathan Mattise

You get a copy, you get a copy...

It is entirely possible to play Mapmaker without ever engaging in politics, and folks who are too young to really understand or care about gerrymandering will still have fun (the game is ages 8+, good for holiday gatherings). But... if you do want to learn about gerrymandering, this is certainly the board game to do it with. In our playthroughs thus far, it's unusual for a game to go by without some discussion of gerrymandering in general or how it plays out in Texas specifically. (Former governor Rick Perry's 2011 redistricting has become infamous, with court cases over it outliving those that initially sued. And that's to say nothing of the 2003 affair—the state has literally been gerrymandering for all of Lafair's life.)

Mapmaker becomes a complete choose-your-own-adventure in this regard. The rulebook includes a five-page addendum with the history of gerrymandering, updates on efforts to combat the practice today, and a reading/listening list for those who want to learn even more. The Lafairs spoke directly to several of the most prominent experts on the subject when making the game: attorney Ruth Greenwood of the Campaign Legal Center (who testified in front of the Supreme Court) and Duke researchers Jonathan Mattingly and Gregory Herschlag who created the algorithmic standard considered in DC. Mapmaker has to be the first board game to explicitly cite Davis v. Bandemer (the 1986 SCOTUS case that set the precedent for gerrymandering cases to be subject to trial).

And on top of the game materials, Lafair Family Games is doing everything possible to spread the word about gerrymandering. For instance, Kickstarter backers at a certain level earned a second copy of Mapmaker as a perk—and Lafair Family Games would ship that copy to any politician of the backer's choosing. With that perk, former California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger bought more than 50 copies himself to become the game's biggest supporter.

As of late July, 80-plus copies were heading to the Supreme Court justices and 170-plus were going to various state legislators across the country. Josh Lafair tells Ars they've started distributing some of these, but they intend to hold some until right before 2020 since that election will directly impact who draws the next set of district lines.

Enlarge / "We did send the games to the Supreme Court and we have confirmation they were received," says Lafair. "But due to the cases themselves, justices aren’t allowed to comment because it’s related directly to cases being tried."

Lafair Family Games

Lafair was even in DC this spring ahead of the Supreme Court's ruling in Rucho v. Common Cause, as the young board game maker found himself speaking at a non-partisan protest against gerrymandering. The Lafairs also hand-delivered games to various politicians, including the one Democratic Congressman who's represented Austin across several Texas map redraws: Lloyd Doggett (TX-35). Throughout his DC office hangs framed pictures of the four or so district shapes he's represented.

Lafair says he bets his siblings will eventually come back to the board game design table, but for now they're all busy navigating school or early careers and making sure Mapmaker has its maximum impact. Lafair Family Games has donated copies to local school districts to that end, and they're now working to develop a gerrymandering curriculum that can accompany educational rounds of play. Clearly, the pledge they include with each copy of the game is proving to be more than just lip service.

"Gerrymandering is not a game, except when it is—we hope you enjoy Mapmaker," the statement reads. "More importantly, we hope you remember that gerrymandering affects real people in real districts across the country. Voters should choose their representatives, not the other way around... The only gerrymandering that should be happening is with family and friends, during inconsequential sessions of playing our board game."

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https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2019/08/mapmaker-the-gerrymandering-game-that-puts-the-fun-in-undermining-democracy/

2019-08-19 11:30:00Z
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